Flora and Fauna: Within what is known as the Arenal Conservation
Area (ACA) there exists 4,283 species of flora and fauna. This means that
36% of the natural diversity of Costa Rica is found within an area that
only represents 4% of the national territory. The region surrounding Lake
Arenal comprises at least five different bioclimatic zones. The research
site is located in the 3life zone2 known as the Humid Premontane Forest.
Regarding the flora, there have been 884 species of ornamental plants identified,
20 for medicinal use, 55 for timber and 63 edible species. The diversity
of fauna is extraordinary. Within the Arenal Conservation Area there exists
57.6% of Costa Rica1s total fauna. 131 species of mammals have been reported
pertaining to 27 families. Some of the more remarkable mammals are the
Baird1s tapir and the giant anteater--the biggest of the anteaters and
one of the most endangered species of Costa Rica. Six species of endangered
felines are reported: the jaguar, the puma or cougar, the ocelot, the Little
spotted cat, the margay and the jaguarundi. Finally, three of Costa Rica1s
four primates live in this region: the spider monkey, the mantled howler
monkey and the white-faced monkey. Of the 850 species of birds in Costa
Rica, approximately 50% can be found in the Arenal Conservation Area.